All topics
Practice this topic

Strand 2: Structures & Processes

Photosynthesis

How plants convert light energy to glucose - light and dark stages, chloroplast structure, and factors affecting rate.

Step-by-Step Photosynthesis

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ (light energy, chlorophyll). Step through the light stage in the grana and the dark stage in the stroma.

Light stage - grana
Step 1 of 8

Light stage: light absorbed

Photosynthesis is an anabolic process: light energy is converted to chemical energy. In the light stage, light is trapped by chlorophyll in the grana (thylakoid membranes) of the chloroplast. Electrons in the chlorophyll are raised to a higher energy level and leave the molecule.

light energy chlorophyll high-energy electrons
StromaThylakoid membraneThylakoid space (lumen)Light (photons)PSIIchlorophylle⁻excited electron
Stage 1: light energy excites electrons in photosystem II

Moderate light gives a steady rate of photosynthesis.

Build the photosynthesis summary

Drag each molecule into the stage where it belongs, or tap a label then tap a box.

Light stage: inputs

thylakoid membrane

Light stage: outputs

passed to the Calvin cycle

Calvin cycle: inputs

stroma

Calvin cycle: outputs

carbohydrate made